HTML Tutorial · Page Structure · Lesson 18 of 34

HTML Entities and Accessibility

Reserved characters, symbols, and the accessibility basics every page needs.

Character entities

Some characters are reserved in HTML. Write them as entities:

Character Entity
< &lt;
> &gt;
& &amp;
" &quot;
non-breaking space &nbsp;
© &copy;

With <meta charset="utf-8">, you can type most other symbols (é, €, →, emoji) directly.

Example 1Try it yourself
<p>Use &lt;p&gt; for paragraphs &amp; &lt;h1&gt; for the main heading.</p>
<p>&copy; 2026 ReadyCamel &middot; Prices from &euro;9 &rarr; see plans</p>
<p>10&nbsp;km stays on one line.</p>
<button aria-label="Close dialog">✕</button>

Accessibility checklist

  • Use semantic elements and a logical heading order.
  • Give images meaningful alt text.
  • Label every form control.
  • Make everything usable with the keyboard; use real <button>s and <a>s, not clickable <div>s.
  • Ensure enough colour contrast.
  • Set lang on <html>.
  • Use ARIA attributes (aria-label, aria-expanded…) only when no native element does the job.

Test yourself

How do you display a literal < character in HTML?

  1. \<
  2. &lt;
  3. &less;
  4. <<
Show answer

Answer: &lt;