CI/CD & Deployment interview question · Most asked

Compare rolling, blue-green and canary deployments.

Summary

Rolling deployments replace instances gradually; blue-green deploys a full new environment and switches traffic at once (instant rollback by switching back); canary releases send a small percentage of traffic to the new version, watch metrics, then ramp up.

Longer Answer

All require backward-compatible changes because old and new versions run simultaneously (rolling, canary) or the database is shared (blue-green).

Key Points

  • Rolling: gradual replacement
  • Blue-green: switch environments
  • Canary: small % first
  • Backward compatibility required

Comparison / Tradeoffs

Strategy Rollback speed Extra capacity Risk exposure
Rolling Medium Low Grows during rollout
Blue-green Instant 2× during switch All users at switch
Canary Fast Small Small % first

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